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| جمهورية مصر العربية Gumhūriyyat Miṣr al-ʿArabiyyah Arab Republic of Egypt | ||||||
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| Anthem Bilady, Bilady, Bilady | ||||||
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| Capital (and largest city) | Cairo | |||||
| Official languages | Arabic1 | |||||
| Demonym | Egyptian | |||||
| Government | Semi-presidential republic | |||||
| - | President | Hosni Mubarak | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Ahmed Nazif | ||||
| Establishment | ||||||
| - | First Dynasty | c.3150 BCE | ||||
| - | Independence from UK | February 28, 1922 | ||||
| - | Republic declared | June 18, 1953 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 1,001,449 km² (30th) 386,660 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 0.632 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2007 estimate | 80,335,036 (est.)[1] | ||||
| - | 1996 census | 59,312,914 | ||||
| - | Density | 74 /km² (120th) 192 /sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2006 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $329.791 billion (29th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $4,836 (110th) | ||||
| Gini? (1999–00) | 34.5 (medium) | |||||
| HDI (2006) |  0.702 (medium) (111th) | |||||
| Currency | Egyptian pound (EGP) | |||||
| Internet TLD | .eg | |||||
| Calling code | +20 | |||||
| 1 | Spoken language is Egyptian Arabic. | |||||
Egypt (Egyptian: km.t ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Kīmi ; Arabic: مصر Miṣr ; Egyptian Arabic: Máṣr), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country in North Africa that includes the Sinai Peninsula, a land bridge to Asia. Covering an area of about 1,001,450 square kilometers (386,560 sq mi), Egypt borders Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the east. The northern coast borders the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern coast borders the Red Sea.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa. The vast majority of its estimated 78 million people (2007) live near the banks of the Nile River in an area of about 40,000 km² (15,000 sq mi) where the only arable agricultural land is found.[2] Large areas of land form part of the Sahara Desert and are sparsely inhabited. Around half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with the majority spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world's most famous monuments, including the Pyramids and the Great Sphinx; the southern city of Luxor contains a particularly large number of ancient artifacts such as the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings. Today, Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural centre of the Middle East.[3][4][5][6]
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Etymology
| km.t (Egypt) in hieroglyphs | ||||
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One of the ancient Egyptian names of the country, km.t, or "black land", is derived from the fertile black soils deposited by the Nile floods, distinct from the 'red land' (dSr.t) of the desert. The name is realized as kīmi and kīmə in the Coptic stage of the Egyptian language, and appeared in early Greek as Χημία (Kymeía).
Miṣr, the Arabic and modern official name of Egypt (Egyptian Arabic: Maṣr), is of Semitic origin, directly cognate with other Semitic words for Egypt such as the Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (Mitzráyim), literally meaning "the two straits" (a reference to the dynastic separation of upper and lower Egypt).[7] The word originally connoted "metropolis" or "civilization" and also means "country", or "frontier-land".
The English name "Egypt" came via the Latin word Aegyptus derived from the ancient Greek word Αίγυπτος (Aigyptos). The term was adopted into Coptic as gyptios, and from there into Arabic as qubt (whence again English Copt). It has been suggested that the word is a corruption of the ancient Egyptian phrase ḥwt-k3-ptḥ meaning "home of the Ka (Soul) of Ptah", the name of a temple of the god Ptah at Memphis. According to Strabo, Αίγυπτος (Aigyptos), in ancient Greek meant "below the Aegean" (Aἰγαίου ὑπτίως, Aegaeon uptiōs").
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